The Surgeon

According to research from a team of Mayo Clinic scientists, smoking puts older women at significant risk for loss of DNA repair proteins that are critical for defending against development of some colorectal cancers.

In a study being presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), the researchers found that women who smoked were at increased risk of developing colorectal tumors that lacked some or all of four proteins, known as DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins. These proteins keep cells lining the colon and rectum healthy because they recognize and repair genetic damage as well as mistakes that occur during cell division.
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Researchers report the fallopian tube fimbria rather than ovarian surface cells may be the site of origin for over 50 percent of sporadic and hereditary serous carcinoma, the most aggressive form of ovarian cancer. The new knowledge may enable earlier detection, better treatment and potential prevention of the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in Western countries.
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As our population ages and senior citizens become a larger demographic, cancer researchers are focusing on the links between aging and cancer. Studies presented at the 2008 Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research, April 12 – 16, highlight the biological aspects of aging that are key to greater risk and poorer prognosis, and surgical outcomes.
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A connection between vitamin D level and the risk of developing breast cancer has been implicated for a long time, but its clinical relevance had not yet been proven.

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Researchers at the Duke School of Medicine apparently have solved the riddle of why cancer cells like sugar so much, and it may be a mechanism that could lead to better cancer treatments.

Jonathan Coloff, a graduate student in Assistant Professor Jeffrey Rathmell’s laboratory in the Duke Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, has found that the tumor cells use glucose sugar as a way to avoid programmed cell death.
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Before breast cancer surgery, a preoperative magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) scan should be standard to determine tumor staging, researchers told the 6th European Breast Cancer Conference (EBCC) in Berlin, Germany today.
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Triple-negative breast cancers are a heterogeneous group and may not always be associated with lymph node spread, a new study shows.

The study of 145 triple negative breast cancers (i.e, cancer which is estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-negative and HER2-negative) in 128 women found that about 23% were moderate or low-grade lesions, said Cecilia Mercado, MD, of New York University School of Medicine, and an author of the study.
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New clinical data from a study of 570 men published in the peer-reviewed Journal of Urology1 support the use of PROGENSA PCA3 as a tool for diagnosing prostate cancer. The study confirms that PROGENSA PCA3, the world’s first gene-based urine test to help detect prostate cancer, can provide clinicians with valuable information that helps guide diagnosis.
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Chemotherapy given both before and after surgery to remove liver metastases (secondary cancers) improves progression free survival over surgery alone in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, concludes a study published recently in The Lancet. The phase III European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) study demonstrated that perioperative chemotherapy (i.e. that given before and after surgery) was compatible with major liver surgery.
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The Pap test has been the standard screening tool for cervical cancer for years — and it still is. The test checks a sample of cervical cells under a microscope for abnormalities that may lead to cancer.

Lessons learned in the past several years are leading to changes in recommended screening frequency, and a new test is under study, according to the April issue of Mayo Clinic Women’s HealthSource.
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